如果您患有糖尿病，请定期访问眼科医生进行眼科检查，这对于避免眼睛问题很重要。高血糖（葡萄糖）增加了糖尿病眼睛问题的风险。实际上，糖尿病是20至74岁成年人失明的主要原因。糖尿病的高血糖会导致眼睛的镜头肿胀，这改变了您的观察能力。要纠正这种眼睛问题，您需要将血糖恢复到目标范围（饭前90-130毫克或毫克/dl，饭后不到180 mg/dl一到两个小时）。在您的血糖受到很好的控制之后，可能需要长达三个月的时间才能使您的视力完全恢复正常。视力模糊也可能是糖尿病更严重的眼睛问题的症状。糖尿病患者可能出现并应该意识到的三个主要眼睛问题是白内障，青光眼和视网膜病变。

Diabetic Retinopathy

The retina is a group of specialized cells that convert light as it enters though the lens into images. The eye nerve or optic nerve transmits visual information to the brain. Diabetic retinopathy is one of the vascular (blood-vessel related) complications related to diabetes. This diabetes eye problem is due to damage of small vessels and is called a “microvascular complication.” Kidney disease and nerve damage due to diabetes are also microvascular complications. Large blood vessel damage (also called macrovascular complications) includes complications like heart disease and stroke.

The microvascular complications have, in numerous studies, been shown to be related to high blood sugar levels. You can reduce your risk of these eye problems in diabetes complications by improving your blood sugar control. Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in industrialized nations. The duration of diabetes is the single most important risk for developing retinopathy. So the longer you have diabetes, the greater the risk of this very serious eye problem. If retinopathy is not found early or is not treated, it can lead to blindness.

1型糖尿病患者在青春期前很少患有视网膜病变。在1型糖尿病的成年人中，在糖尿病持续五年之前也很少见到视网膜病。诊断出糖尿病时，患有2型糖尿病的人通常会出现眼睛问题。在这种情况下，用糖尿病控制血糖，血压和血液胆固醇在减慢视网膜病变和其他眼睛问题的进展方面具有重要作用。

Types of Retinopathy in Diabetes:

背景视网膜病。有时存在血管损害，但没有视力问题。这称为背景病变。在此阶段仔细管理糖尿病很重要，以防止背景视网膜病变发展到更严重的眼科疾病。

黄斑病。在黄斑病变,开发了损伤的人a critical area called the macula. Because this occurs in an area that is critical to vision, this type of eye problem can significantly reduce vision.

Proliferative retinopathy.新血管开始在眼后生长。由于视网膜病是糖尿病的一种微血管并发症，这是一种小血管疾病，因此由于血管疾病的眼睛缺乏氧气，这种类型的视网膜病变会出现。眼中的血管被稀释并遮住，它们开始重塑。

糖尿病性视网膜病的治疗可能涉及激光手术或手术。在对早期视网膜病患者的一项研究中，激光疗法燃烧脆弱的血管，导致了50 {0730EED075B45B45D9E50C00D6CD42DD08777773E0164F29A4515151515151808BF89051290974。为了防止患有糖尿病的视网膜病变，请每年让眼睛屏蔽眼睛。后来怀孕的糖尿病的妇女在妊娠中期应该进行全面的眼科检查，并在怀孕期间与眼科医生进行密切随访，以避免严重的糖尿病问题。（该建议不适用于患妊娠糖尿病的妇女，因为她们没有视网膜病变的风险。）

美国糖尿病协会为糖尿病患者提供了这些眼保健指南，以防止眼睛问题：1型糖尿病患者应在诊断后的三到五年内通过眼科医生或验光师进行眼科检查。诊断后不久，患有2型糖尿病的人应由眼科医生或验光师进行扩张。

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